Background

Deep sea fishing is at ranging from “intertidal” (very readily accessible) to “very slope and deep water” (very difficult to access, other than by deep sea trawling). The review is based on a detailed search for information over 20 years, regarding the current taxonomy, distribution, habitat, depth range, relative abundance and apparent conservation status of marine invertebrates from 17 major taxonomic groups viz., Anthozoa (Sea Anemones, stinging anemones (Family Aliciidae), burrowing anemone (Family Edwardsiidae),  tube anemones (Family Cerianthidae), jewel anemones (Corallimorpharia), zoanthid anemones, soft corals, gorgonian corals, hard corals, black corals, sea pens and Corals), Aplacophora (Chaetoderms and neomenioids), Ascidiacea (Sea Squirts), Molluscs (Prosobranchs-Sea Snails and Gastropod Shells) (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda (Squids, Cuttlefishes and Octopus), Asteroidea (Sea Stars), Crinoidea (Feather Stars), Echinoidea (Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars), Ophiuroidea (Brittlestars), Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers), Opisthobranchs, Heterobranchia (Sea Slugs and Nudibranchs), Decapoda (Shrimps, Prawns, Crabs, Spiny Lobsters and Squat Lobsters), Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders), Stomatopoda (Mantis Shrimps). Scyllarid lobsters are a highly diversified group that incorporate with six families, 55 genera, 248 species that occur in very different range of habitats (tropical/temperate region) and are geographical distribution of worldwide (Chan, 2014; Briones-Fourzán and Lozano Álvarez, 2015). Genus Scyllarides, the identification of the genus and morphological characteristics by using the taxonomic key from Food and Agriculture Organization (Holthuis, 1991; Chan, 1998). As earlier report, scyllarid lobster Scyllarus Batei Batei, off Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar (Vaitheeswaran, 2015). In the present investigation of this specimen of Biarctus sordidus, have been reported the pearl coast of Gulf of Mannar, incidental by-catch specimen between 08°38.117’N 78°30.139’E/21.7 miles/210 m.

Superfamily: Scyllarinae, Latreille, 1852

Family: Scyllaridae Latreille, 1825: 278

Order: Decapoda Latreille, 1803

Genus: Biarctus (Holthuis, 2002)

Species: sordidus

Biarctus sordidus (Stimpson, 1860): 23

Arctus sordidus (Stimpson, 1860): 23

Prasad and Tampi (1961): 2 (Figure 1; Figure 2)

Chhapgar and Deshmukh (1964): 203-207

Mutchacheep (1992): 152

Holthuis (2002): 641, (figs. 55-56)

Zhang and Liu (2006): 20, (figs. 3), 4-3

Chan (2010): 161

1 Colouration

Coloration of the pearl coast material pale grey in colour and only a very attractive, colourful and dominant dark red oval spot is being present on the abdominal tergite I in the preserved specimen (Figure 3) (Chhapgar and Deshmukh, 1964; Mutchacheep, 1992; Holthuis, 2002).

2 Distribution

It has been widely geographically distributed in the Australia, southern China, Taiwan, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia and it has been extended to east and west coast of India.

3 Type Locality

Berried specimen of Biarctus sordidus, the total length 14.6 cm and weighing 13 g. Pearl coast of India, between 08°38.117’N, 78°30.139’E, 21.7 miles, depth at 210 m.

4 Remarks

The specimen material was agreed with (Holthuis, 2002), Biarctus sordidus were recorded at pearl coast of Gulf of Mannar, an accidental by-catch specimen between 08°38.117’N, 78°30.139’E, 21.7 miles, trawled, red muddy sand with debris, the ranges at a depth of 210 m. As earlier report was mentioned an Indian coast, Bombay, west coast of India (Chhapgar and Deshmukh, 1964), Danda Island near Bombay (Sankolli and Shenoy, 1974), Mandapam (Prasad and Tampi, 1961; 1968), Gulf of Mannar near Tuticorin, (Srikrishnadhas et al., 1991; type locality of Scyllarus tutiensis). According to Holthuis (2002), has been mentioned, (in particular specimen of Scyllarus tutiensis (Srikrishnadhas et al., 1991), have been highlighting and description of taxonomy is very short and the illustrations not too detailed, he suggested that the to find any confirm information with B. sordidus n. comb., in which is a common species in the Gulf of Mannar, at Tuticorin coast. According to Holthuis (2002), has been asking and request to borrow some paratype specimens remained unanswered, therefore, it has been confirmed that the species of B. sordidus. Only one specimen, the seasonal occurrence and very rare reported here, pearl coast of Gulf of Mannar, Biarctus sordidus, incidental by-catch specimen between 08°38.117’N, 78°30.139’E, 21.7 miles, 210 m.

Authors’ contributions

Dr. Vaitheeswaran Thiruvengadam has been collected and identification of specimen and took photograph of specimen, reference collection and for critical reading of the manuscript. Dr. Ignatius A Herman, Director of DMI - St. Joseph Group of Institutions, has been encouraging, motivation and support this research findings. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

References

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